Paging Mr. Swinn! MORE transceiver articles! ;-)

[The War Wagon]

From J.W. Rawles "Survivalblog."  This is GONNA get L-O-N-G!

The K.I.S.S. Principle and Transceivers – Part 1, by Tunnel Rabbit
  SurvivalBlog Contributor February 24, 2021  
 
Editor’s Introductory Note:  Because of the length of this detailed article, it will be serialized into five parts.
—

I’ll begin with a note of warning for those who would delve into, or recommend sophisticated radio equipment.  The learning curve can be steep, and it requires a significant investment of time to become competent. I recommend using the “Keep, Simple, Stupid” (K.I.S.S.) principle. The apocryphal originator of the K.I.S.S. principle was no simpleton. He was the aircraft design genius Kelly Johnson, and we should heed the advice. It is likely that simple-to-use equipment is the best choice for most.

Here is an example of what can happen with some transceivers: Baofeng handi-talkies can inadvertently become locked, and unusable should the key denoted with the ‘#’ symbol is accidentally depressed. A lock symbol will appear on the upper right-hand corner of the LCD display. To unlock it, simply press the # key again. If one is unaware of this keypad lock feature, the radio is ‘stuck’ on the current frequency, and otherwise rendered mostly unusable.

Here is another example, this time involving a good quality, and nearly new in condition, modern ham radio, a Yaesu 2800M mobile. I recently pulled it out of storage to check the operation, and to physically remove the MARS/CAP (MARS, Military Auxiliary Radio System) that limits the unit to the 2 Meter Ham band by removing solder from a circuit board connection, and soldering to make a new connection in some transceivers. I got it in a trade for a couple old CBs. It was too much radio for the previous owner. They were very happy to dump the NIB Yaesu 2800M, and get two good-looking CBs, one with an antenna. The Yaesu 2800M is a good one for preppers in that the MARS CAP can be overridden, or canceled by depressing the ‘low’ and ‘d/mr’ buttons simultaneously while turning the radio on. The code ”A2” appears on the display indicating the radio is unlocked, allowing it to transmit from 137 to 174 MHz. I had programmed the radio prior to securing it in a watertight Faraday cage. Upon testing it’s function, I found that it transmits and receives, yet no audio was available. I must have depressed a key that muted the radio. The owner’s manual did not shed light on the problem. This radio has a sophisticated menu which on one hand is wonderful, and on the other hand, could be a curse. With so many different radios to deal with, it can be a challenge to master them all. Anyway, the ‘fix’ was to do a factory reset by rebooting it’s CPU and cleaning out it’s ‘brains’ to return it to it’s default settings. This fixed the audio problem, but it wiped the memory clean. Because I cannot get a programming cable, I must now spend hours reprogramming it.

TRANSCEIVER SELECTION
Ham radio is not for everyone. Most people I am acquainted with who have a Tech license know little more after attaining their license than they did before studying for the 35 question examination. Much of the test is about the ‘rules of the road’ that the FCC would like you to know. Sadly they have not availed themselves of the technical knowledge offered by potential ‘Elmers’, or other knowledgeable and helpful Hams in person, or on the Internet. The Smartphone is just too convenient, and provides for all of their communication needs. Therefore there is little incentive to look elsewhere, and to strive to master a new platform that offers less. Besides, they only got the license in case the world blew up, and have little current need for it, just like the Baofeng they got that is still in the box. I end up taking care of their programming and other technical issues, so that all they have to do is key up. I’ve finally accepted this as a fact of life of this day and age.

If you cannot invest lots of time into radio, then I suggest going with simple platforms. If there is someone in your family, or group who has the time to become the ‘resident expert’, perhaps sophisticated Ham radios can be a part of your plan, but not all have to get their Tech license.  We can use MURS, GMRS, and even CB.  The Ham Shack should have all these radios, something for everyone, and an ability to talk to neighbors.  The two most popular radios outside of Survivalist circles is not a Baofeng. Rather, it will be CB, and FRS/GMRS. GMRS will allow you to talk far and near, and to your neighbors. A 40-watt GMRS transceiver on a good antenna, will in most situations, talk farther than a 4 watt CB.  It will also talk to the Wal-Mart bubble pack FRS/GMRS radio most already have. Human error and ignorance can disable an otherwise very capable and sophisticated radio. Over the years I’ve had to fix many Ham radios, and antennas operated by Hams.  They got their surfboard, but still can’t surf. In a WROL situation, you will be on your own, and in big surf. A simpler radio with less buttons to push, however less capable, would be a better choice, than a complicated radio that can not be operated at all.


There are several radio types that can used in a complete commo plan for the prepper that is redundant, and flexible and relatively easy to use. To start, choose a primary, install that, and then choose a good alternative to standardize on.  GMRS and SSB CB or standard CB complement each other. GMRS has only 8 channels, plus repeater channels, and anyone with a FRS/GMRS could talk to you. As with any radio, it is important during WROL to use brevity codes and discipline. Do not use a radio as you would a cell phone.  A GMRS mobile can have considerable range, and unfortunately there are many GMRS receiver owners out there that  can hear you. Given this major COMSEC issue with GMRS, SSB CB would be a better choice for longer distances between the base station and vehicle, yet there are no SSB CBs on the market. It might be the best balance of an ‘off the beaten path’ radio that is easy to use, and much more secure, yet we cannot talk to hand held’s. It could be your primary, and GMRS could be your secondary, but because of the deficit, SSB CB and CB would be better as an alternative.

Unfortunately, there are to my knowledge, no handheld SSB CB radios available, but there are CB handhelds, yet these are typically larger than a brick. And because of the long wavelength, and long telescoping antennas needed for useful ranges, these are not practical for everyday carry. GMRS has only 8 channels, yet in many regions that is plenty, and we can use PL tones to block unwanted traffic. If we use brevity codes and limit ourselves to brief exchanges, GMRS would suffice until the threat situation escalates. And because the GMRS 5 watt handheld radios are compact, we can carry a handheld transceiver that can talk to a base station at an extended distances, and possibly to a repeater if there is one in your area.  If there is, then you have major advantage and very good reason to choose GMRS as your primary, and SSB CB, or just plain old CB, as a secondary.

But what about MURS?  We do not need to program a Baofeng to use MURS. A pre-programmed handheld MURS radio, on a good external antenna might be good fit here. In my thinking GMRS could be a primary, a MURS handheld on a linear amplifier could be alternative, and CB, or SSB CB would be good for a contingency.  A whistle and signal fire could be for emergency communications.  However, I should let the user make the final decision.

PRE-PROGRAMMED UHF and VHF TRANSCEIVERS
(No Programming required and easier to use)


GMRS MOBILE, BASE STATION AND HANDHELD TRANSCEIVERS

This is an easy-to-use, and good quality GMRS Transceiver:

Midland MXT400 GMRS 2-Way Radio.
https://www.buytwowayradios.com/midland-mxt400.html

(Recommend 2 MXT400’s, one for the house, and one for the vehicle. If money is limited, install the Base Station first. A transceiver for the vehicle could be used as a replacement unit for the Base Station if necessary.)

MXT400 Transceiver = $249.99


BASE STATION 120VAC TO 12VDC VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY

Samlex SEC-1223 23 Amp Switching Power Supply, $136.99
https://www.buytwowayradios.com/samlex-sec-1223.html
(needed to covert house power to 12vdc to run radio)

Nagoya H-20N Lightning Protector (N Female)
https://www.buytwowayradios.com/nagoya-h-20n.html
$15.99


COAXIAL CABLE FOR A GMRS BASE STATION ANTENNAS

We are using the more expensive and heavy cable, and low loss N type connectors to optimize the performance of the transceiver and antenna.  We should also measure to estimate how much cable to order, and order by the foot to avoid using an excessively long cable that weakens the signal at the antenna, and costs more.  Amazon sells pre-made cable that is of a certain length, but it much more expensive and possibly too long, or short.

We should avoid using connectors to extend cable lengths as the use of connectors decreases signal strength, and if exposed to the elements, invites corrosion and unanticipated high VSWR’s that would damage the transceiver.  Connectors can be sealed from the elements with vulcanizing electrical tape. Minor cuts in the cable can also be repaired in this and other ways. Silicone is not as durable as this tape.  During installation, use means and methods that protect the cable from damage, and it will provide a decade, or more of service.

For lengths of around 50 feet use BR-400 coxail cable, the equivalent to LMR400:
https://www.buytwowayradios.com/browning-br-400-1.html

Note: Specify Type N connector for the ends.


Adapters will likely be needed at the transceiver and antenna:

UHF (PL-259) Male to N Female Adapter $4.99 x 2 = $9.98
https://www.buytwowayradios.com/abr-ad-u...emale.html

Using an adapter means we can adapt different radios to the cable as needed.


ANTENNAS FOR GMRS BASE STATION RADIO INSTALLATION

Slim Jim antenna for GMRS. UHF 440-470 MHz
https://www.jpole-antenna.com/shop/462-m...e-antenna/
Specify cable connector, N type Female, and frequency range 462 to 467Mhz.
$41.00


GMRS, MOBILE TRANSCEIVER COMPONENT LIST

The Midland MXT400 GMRS 2-Way Radio.
https://www.buytwowayradios.com/midland-mxt400.html
$249.00


Mobile Antenna

Magnetic MNO mount and cable for vehicle-mounted mobile radios. Midland brand. (Note that the cable is only 12 feet)
https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07CRB...W4GL&psc=1
$24.99


Midland 6 dB Gain Antenna with Durable Spring Base and NMO Connection – Works with Midland MXT400
https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B084BP...W4GL&psc=1
$49.99


PRE-PROGRAMMED GMRS HANDHELD TRANSCEIVERS

Wouxun KG-805G GMRS Two Way Radio
Wouxun, FRS and GMRS handheld, true 5 watts for GMRS channels 15 to 22, repeater capable.
https://www.buytwowayradios.com/wouxun-kg-805g.htm
$79.99

Midland T290VP4 High Powered  FRS and GMRS Two Way Radios (a pair of 2 radios)
Midland, GMRS, pair of hand held radios, maximum 1.5 watt, not repeater capable.
https://www.buytwowayradios.com/midland-t290vp4.html
$89.99 (one pair)

ANTENNA ADAPTER FOR HAND HELD Baofeng AND WOUXAN, but not for the Midland T290VP4

SMA Female to UHF (SO239)
Use to connect handheld to base station antenna for low power operations or other external antennas, or for vehicle’s mobile antenna)
$5.99

(To be continued in Part 2.)

I think we're ALL gonna learn something from this!

[The War Wagon]

The K.I.S.S. Principle and Transceivers – Part 2, by Tunnel Rabbit
  
SurvivalBlog Contributor February 25, 2021  

(Continued from Part 1.)

UHF Business Band Transceivers

This is a more versatile radio than the Midland MXT400 that can access off the beaten path frequencies, and provides much better COMSEC (Communications Security). These can use the same antenna, cable, and adapters detailed for the GMRS transceivers. This type of radio can be programmed per your instructions by BuyTwoWayRadios.com, and the radio is easy to use and rugged. Our choice of frequencies are limited by the radio to the UHF band, and the limits of the antenna that covers only a section of the UHF band. We can also purchase an exclusive license for the private use of a frequency from the FCC using their service:  https://www.buytwowayradios.com/services...nsing.html

UHF Business Band Base Station Transceiver
Icom IC-F6021-51B UHF Base Station Radio (Complete with power supply)
https://www.buytwowayradios.com/icom-ic-f6021b.html
$459.99

UHF Business Band Mobile Transceiver
Icom IC-F6021-51B  (same as base station, but without the power supply)
https://www.buytwowayradios.com/icom-ic-f6011-52.html
$299.99

UHF Business Band handhelds and Mobile Business Band Transceivers.

These UHF handhold can be used with a UHF linear amplifier, or we can get a UHF mobile, and base station in your flavor and choice.

Wouxun KG-805G GMRS Two Way Radio
This is the only full 5-watt GMRS radio I can find. It is GMRS repeater capable, a strong point if you have a GMRS repeater in your area.
https://www.buytwowayradios.com/wouxun-kg-805g.html
$79.99

Or,

Olympia P324 Two Way Radio
4 watts maximum. Memory is limited to 32 channels, and it may not be GMRS repeater capable,
yet the price is right so that we can buy replacement radios, or enough radios.
$49.99


BTECH AMP-U25 Amplifier for UHF (400-480MHz), 20-40W Output (2-6W Input), Analog and Digital Modes, Compatible with All Handheld Radios: BTECH, BaoFeng, Kenwood, Yaesu, ICOM, Motorola
https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07BD3...F9EI2&th=1
$137.89

GMRS and UHF Business Band Frequencies

Frequencies that may be used by these transceivers with power levels, and bandwidth restrictions specified by the FCC, and antennas intended for the GMRS Midland MXT400:


GMRS:
462.55  (also may be used as simplex, or repeater) CH15
462.575 (also may be used as simplex, or repeater) CH16
462.6   (also may be used as simplex, or repeater) CH17
462.625 (also may be used as simplex, or repeater) CH18
462.65  (also may be used as simplex, or repeater) CH19
462.675 (also may be used as simplex, or repeater) CH20
462.7   (also may be used as simplex, or repeater) CH21
462.725 (also may be used as simplex, or repeater) CH22
*for repeater use verify the tone used by local repeaters, or use the default tone used by many GMRS repeaters that is 141.3)

Business Band frequencies that are off the beaten path, and therefore more secure than GMRS:
462.7625
462.7875
462.8125
462.8375
462.8625
462.8875
462.9125
464.3250
464.4875
464.5125
464.5375
464.5625
464.8250
466.0375
466.0625
466.0875
466.1125
466.1375
466.1625
466.1875
466.2125
466.2375
466.2625
466.2875
466.3125
466.3375
466.3625
467.7875
467.8375
467.8625
467.8875
467.9125

Or we can use business band frequencies that are itinerants. However, these are less secure:

464.5 Brown Dot
464.55 Yellow Dot
464.6
464.625
464.65
464.7
464.725
464.75
467.75
467.7625 J Dot
467.775
467.8
467.8125 K Dot
467.825
467.85 Silver Star
467.875 Gold Star
467.9 Red Star
467.925 Blue Star

VHF TRANSCEIVERS

MURS could be your alternative, or contingency:

BTECH MURS-V1, (low power setting is an ideal 0.5 watts, and high is the maximum allowed, 2 watts, 11.5khz unusual bandwidth specified by the FCC.  This radio is in full compliance)
https://baofengtech.com/product/murs-v1/
$54.99

As is now widely known, MURS is a license-free radio service, and popular with peppers. The MURS-V1 radio comes fully programed with the 5 license-free MURS channels. Switching between high and low does require getting into the menu. It is not simple I would like, but if it is set on 2 watts, then it can be left there.  Simply turn the radio on and you are in business. And here a rarely discussed secret old school option, a VHF linear amplifier for handhelds.  Attach the BTECH MURS-V1 radio to connectors that come with the linear amplifier, and you’ll have about 20 watts out with a 2 watt input from the handheld.  If low power is selected, then the radio only puts out one 1/2 watt and cannot operate the amplifier. When the amplifier is turned off, leave the handheld attached, and 2 watts with pass through to the antenna.  Using the best cable we can afford, LMR 400, 2 VHF watts on a slim jim would have an ERP of about 3.7 watts. 3.7 watts in many cases should have a range of at least 4 miles up to possible 10 miles on the outside. This could all the range that is needed most of the time.  The unusual bandwidth requirement 11.5mhz specifically for the MURS is transmitted. Select the hi power setting on the radio to operate this amplifier that needs at least 2 watts. Use 50 feet of LMR400 to the slim jim antenna, and ERP would be about 36 watts from the antenna. This would provide the range similar to 2 meter transceiver. Although this is illegal today, during a WROL situation when you are attempting to talk to friends and family risking there lives while providing security, I would not hesitate.  This option is not inexpensive, yet it does provide the simplicity needed for persons who are not comfortable with complex transceivers, and are better served with simple and straightforward equipment.

A handheld that has an output of between 2 and 6 watts can be used with this amplifier, including a Baofeng, or Wouxan that you may already have, as these radios can accept the plug in control cable connect ends provide with the amplifier. Using a radio that transmit with more than 6 watts can damage the amplifier. Instead of having to learn how to run a mobile and a handheld, we only need to learn how to run one radio, and that comes pre-programmed, you may already have become familiar with one radio, and need not learn how to operate another. This flattens the learning curve for all in the household.  And should the radio go bad, simply plug-in another radio.  The amplifier is turn off and one with a push-button switch and no other adjustments are possible. The amplifier also comes with a handset (microphone), so that we need not handle the handheld.

Linear Amplifiers:

BTECH AMP-V25D Amplifier (Supports DMR) VHF (136-174MHz), 20-40W Output (2-6W Input)
https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07BDK...9EI2&psc=1
$154.89

As a general rule, if I use a low power radio and need the maximum performance, I’d use a very low loss cable such as LMR400, but we could also use RG213 on a shorter runs with similar performance results. BR-400 is the equivalent of LMR400.  40 feet of BR-400 costs about $22.00 less than 40 feet RG213 when purchased through Amazon for $74.00.
Browning BR-400 Coax Cable Custom Length ( price per foot) $1.09 x 50 feet = $54.50
Select desired length in one box, and two PL259 connectors in the other box for an about an additional $4.00 each.

High gain ‘slim jim’ antenna that can be used for MURS radio, and for your scanner, if a MURS radio is not in use.
VHF Public Safety, MURS, Marine, & Scanner Slim Jim Antenna
https://www.jpole-antenna.com/shop/vhf-p...m-antenna/
$48.00 – $52.00

External antenna for a hand held used as a mobile in vehicles:

Tram 1181 antenna
https://www.amazon.com/Tram-140MHz-170MH...%3D&sr=8-2

Magnetic Mount for the Tram 1181 antenna.
https://www.amazon.com/gp/slredirect/pic...ame=sp_mtf



VHF Business Band Transcievers

Just like with the UHF Business band radio, we can ask buytwowayradios.com to program these radio with our frequencies, or ask them for their suggestions.  I would include MURS if they will do it.  A list will at the bottom of this section.  Again, I must reiterate, that it is illegal to transmit on business band frequencies without a license.  However, I would have those frequencies in my radio for collapse situation, and use the licenses free frequencies, such as MURS.  They might be able to power down this radio to two watts to better bring it into compliance for MURS.  Low power is your friend.  We could also use the Btech MURS-1 or other handhelds designed to comply with all of the technical specification until such a time when these more powerful radios might be needed. To talk to this mobile, if they will not program MURS into it, we might need a second set of handheld that are also VHF business band that are programmed by this outfit.  We will need power supply, a 110VAC to 12VDC transformer to turn this radio into a base station radio.  The same slim jim antenna and cable detailed for the BTECH MURS handheld and linear amplifier can be used for this radio service.

Icom IC-F5011 VHF Mobile Two Way Radio
https://www.buytwowayradios.com/icom-ic-f5011.html
$269.99

“The Icom IC-F5011 VHF Mobile Transceiver is an up-to-date version of the Icom IC-F121S-51. It is designed for use by small to large business and small to mid-size police and emergency services. The IC-F5011 is a mobile VHF 136-174 MHz radio with 50 watts of power. It is easy to operate and has a rugged and compact design. The F5011 is perfect for those who want a basic, reliable mobile radio.”


Samlex SEC-1223BBM 23 Amp Switching Power Supply with Battery Backup Circuit
“Samlex SEC-1223BBM is a 23 Amp switching power supply with battery backup circuit designed specifically for land mobile radio applications. This high-efficiency, advanced power supply produces clean, reliable power. It’s great for converting mobile two-way radios to base stations.”
$169.99

A power supply is needed to run this 50 watt radio off house power. We could also store and charge a Optima Gel Cell Deep cycle battery under the desk, and keep a 1 amp maintenance charger on the battery. We would then have a power supply that is portable and multi-purpose. It could even be used to start the car.

Sealed and safe for indoor use deep cycle battery
https://www.optimabatteries.com/en-us/su...le-battery

Charger (charges dead batteries where most smart chargers cannot.  This is very useful feature)
https://www.amazon.com/Optima-Digital-Pe...B009M3PQFA

VHF/UHF Dual Band Business Band, the Best of Both Worlds

Icom F5061 / F6061 Analog, LTR, IDAS Mobile VHF/UHF Two Way Radio
https://www.buytwowayradios.com/icom-f50...61-mr.html
$480.00  (at the time of this writing, it is out of stock)

The company’s description: “The F5061 / F6061 Mobile Transceiver is designed for use by delivery service, public safety and transportation operators. The F5061 / F6061 is a high-power, multi-mode land mobile radio with 50 watts (VHF version) or 45 watts (UHF version). It offers basic LTR /Conventional mode operation for efficient trunking operation without the need for an add-on module.It is also available in IDAS for digital operation. With a wide frequency range and large 512 channel capacity with 128 zones, the ICF5061/D / F6061/D is powerful mobile two way radio with maximum flexibility.”

To use this as base station, the power supply can be the same as the power supply option as discussed for the preceding 50 watt radio, and all radios mentioned in the articles not installed in vehicles.


VHF FREQUENCY LIST FOR BUSINESS BAND TRANSCEIVERS

MURS (MULTI-USER RADIO SERVICE)
These are licenses free:

151.82 MURS
151.88 MURS
151.94 MURS
154.57 MURS/Blue Dot
154.6 MURS/Green Dot


VHF BUSINESS BAND (ITINERANTS)
(a license is required)

151.505
151.5125
151.625 Red Dot
151.64
151.7
151.76
151.955 Purple Dot
154.5275
158.4
158.4075


These are found in the now discontinued Motorola RDX series handheld radios.
(A license is required)

151.6250
151.9550
152.8850
152.9150
151.7000
151.7600
152.9450
151.8350
151.8050
151.5125
151.6550
151.6850
151.7150
151.7450
151.7750
151.8650
151.8950
151.9250
152.9000
154.4900
154.5150
154.5275
154.5400
153.0050
154.5475
158.4000
158.4075

(To be continued tomorrow, in Part 3.)

[The War Wagon]

The K.I.S.S. Principle and Transceivers – Part 3, by Tunnel Rabbit
  SurvivalBlog Contributor February 26, 2021
[/url]
(Continued from Part 2.)

Editor’s Note: The following section of the article describes some high power and out-of-band transmission modifications that are not legal under most circumstances. In an absolute disaster situation, anyone can operate outside of normal bands/channels without a license and probably without any legal repercussions. But doing so in normal times will surely get someone arrested, their gear seized, and some hefty fines. Beware!

BACK TO THE FUTURE, CB RADIO IS BACK!

Although Citizen Band (CB) might not be a part of our primary radio communications plan, we may need to operate a CB to talk to neighbors. Although it appears that CB has fallen into disuse, it is not forgotten, in fact it is fast making a ‘come back’. And there are yet many hidden away that will be dusted off and put back into service in a disaster. It could be the radio that connects and informs the masses. A low-cost example should then be in our radio shack even if it is not our first choice, since it will be the first and only choice for many neighbors. And it would be good enough for most local situations.

Sigle-sideband (SSB) mode CB offers twice the range and four times the COMSEC as a standard CB. Yet if there are no other SSB CBs that we could contact, then SSB is not a practical choice.  Unless of course we planned ahead and SSB CBs were apart of our primary or alternative radio communications, and members standardized on SSB CB. Standard CB radio is a good alternative, if the operation requirement is less than 3 to 8 miles. Cost and technical barriers also weigh heavily on our decisions, and may force us to compromise and choose the CB. If a radio choice is too difficult for the least technical capable member, then it is not a good choice.  CB could at the least be a contingency radio option.

My approach tends to favor lower-cost radios coupled with the best antenna that I can afford.  This usually works out well in the field. Connect a lower-power, or lower cost radio to a optimal antenna, and it usually will outperform, or perform just as well as a better quality, and higher priced and powered radio that is connected to a sub-optimal, or sub-standard antenna.  There is a general tendency to purchase brawn (power output), rather than using ‘brains’ to get the job done.

The choices of transceivers and antennas available is impressive and overwhelming. In this day and age, vehicles have evolved beyond the traditional CB antenna mounts of the past. In this comparison, I’ve chosen to use a decent performing magnetic mount 5 foot long antenna, because it is easy for the average person to install on modern vehicles.  There are better performing antennas, but the goal is to find and examine combinations that are a sensible balance of cost, performance, with a low technical barrier.  Motor homes, pick-ups, and even base stations could use a no ground plane (NGP) antenna if a full-sized antenna is out of reach. Whatever the application, there are numerous options that are offered as solutions that will allow us to install a better antenna. Ask around, and choose the best performing antenna for your situation.

Generally speaking, the longer the antenna, the better it propagates. This is especially relevant when it comes to CB antennas.  As a rough rule of thumb, for every one foot of antenna height, we might expect 1 mile of range. However, there are too many variables to estimate the actual range. If the range requirement is modest, then buying the best antenna one can afford, will likely allow the radio to perform adequately.  There is likely a better antenna that can be used if the installer is up to the technical challenge. Those with older vehicles and trucks would do well to install a Hustler 102″ Stainless Steel Whip that is 8.5 feet in length:

Hustler 102 Inch Whip CB Ham Antenna Stainless Steel – 18 ft RG8X Coax – Spring & Mount
[url=https://www.amazon.com/Hustler-CB-Antenna-Stainless-Steel/dp/B07G1WRYW9/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2CA6IM8QQ29ZP&dchild=1&keywords=cb+whip+antenna+102+inch+kit&qid=1611901305&s=electronics&sprefix=cb+whi%2Celectronics%2C203&sr=1-1]https://www.amazon.com/Hustler-CB-Antenna-Stainless-Steel/dp/B07G1WRYW9/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2CA6IM8QQ29ZP&dchild=1&keywords=cb+whip+antenna+102+inch+kit&qid=1611901305&s=electronics&sprefix=cb+whi%2Celectronics%2C203&sr=1-1

Modern pickups and other modern vehicles are better served with compact radios and modern mounting brackets. Here is an example from CB World’s “Help Center”:
https://www.wearecb.com/cb-radios-antenn...rucks.html


And here is a kit complete with CB for modern pickups found at Amazon:

Pro Trucker Pickup CB Radio Kit Includes Radio, 4′ Antenna, CB Antenna Mount, CB Coax, SWR Meter w/Jumper Coax, Speaker, and Springhttps://www.amazon.com/Pro-Trucker-CB-Antenna-Speaker/dp/B01N7U4Z74/ref=sr_1_5?crid=C9981K8XF9AZ&dchild=1&keywords=swr+for+cb+radio&qid=1611950300&sprefix=swr+for+cb+radio%2Celectronics%2C213&sr=8-5
$199.90


SSB CB, and CB TRANSCEIVERS

SSB CB is good long-range choice for alternate or contingency communications. The might be your first choice after a collapse, and when GMRS is too risky to use. The built-in layers of COMSEC that SSB CB provides could be life-saving.  I would have both GMRS, and SSB CB, or standard CB mobiles in my vehicle, and as a base stations to talk to my vehicles and handhelds.  MURS handhelds would be much more secure than FRS/GMRS handhelds, and SSB CBs would be far more secure that standard CBs, and have greater range, if needed. However, If we cannot afford an SSB CB, then go with a standard CB. We gotta have a CB, or three. Redundancy is priceless.  I would buy three standard CBs if I could not afford two SSB CBs.

CB, Top Popular Choices:
Uniden 980P SSB CB  https://www.amazon.com/Uniden-Sideband-W...C-1&sr=8-2

Cobra 29LX,   https://www.wearecb.com/cobra-29-lx-cb-radio.html

C29LTD – Cobra Classic CB Radio,  https://www.wearecb.com/cobra-29-ltd-classic.html

Galaxy DX949 SSB CB,  https://www.wearecb.com/galaxy-dx-949-cb-radio.html


Standard CBs for a low-cost option:

Uniden PRO505XL CB Radio
https://www.buytwowayradios.com/uniden-pro505xl.html
39.99
(We can use a SSB CB with this antenna as well)

Wilson W500 54″ Magnet Mount cb radio
https://jokermanelectronics.com/wilson-w...t-cbradio/
$65.00

Here is my top choice in SSB CB, a power supply and base station antenna for it:

Uniden CB Radio with SSB
https://www.wearecb.com/uniden-bc980-ssb-cb-radio.html
$194.07 (I do not recommend their ‘peak and tune’ service)
We can use a standard CB instead with these components.

Samlex SEC-1212 10 Amp Switching Power Supply for CB’s
https://www.buytwowayradios.com/samlex-sec-1212.html
$110.99

PATRIOT – ProComm 12 Foot CB or 10 Meter Base Antenna (pre-tuned for CB’s)
$58.96
If no metal roof, or other larger area ground plane exists, this is other half of the antenna:
PAT12GPK – ProComm Ground Plane Kit for Base Station Antennas Patriot And Proton
$50.62

Use RG213 coaxial cable up to 100 feet. A base station CB antenna takes up lots of space so the cable will need to reach
an area that is suitable.

Next, an unusual and easy to install and use, portable and mobile CB of note.

It is the most versatile, popular, and interesting CB for the money. It has this slot in this list, because of the price and utility. While it is not the most cost-effective, it is also the easiest to install, and that is where part of the value could be found. See the Amazon reviews and video to fully appreciate this one. When attached to the same external magnetic mount antenna as a mobile CB, the range should be similar.

Midland 75-822 Portable / Mobile 2 in 1 CB Radio
“Midland is known for its portable radios. Now it takes CB to true portability with the Midland 75-822 Micro Mobile-Portable CB radio! The 75-822 is a 2 in 1 plug and play two way radio that’s a lightweight hand held and a mobile CB all in one powerful package!”
https://www.buytwowayradios.com/midland-75-822.html
$99.99

Reviews as found on Amazon.com:  https://www.amazon.com/Midland-75-822-Ch...merReviews

A video that best explains this transciever:  https://d2y5sgsy8bbmb8.cloudfront.net/v2...rpcbe5.mp4


Other part, and component needed to be used in its mobile, and portable with external antenna configuration that is not demonstrated, but possible with an adapter is used:

Eightwood UHF Female SO239 to BNC Male Adapter Antenna Extension Cable 3 feet for CB Ham Radio Antenna Scanner
https://www.amazon.com/Eightwood-Antenna...ics&sr=1-4
$9.49

Wilson W500 54″ Magnet Mount cbradio
https://jokermanelectronics.com/wilson-w...t-cbradio/
$65.00

OUTLAW RADIO, THE WILD, WILD WEST OF CB

While these radios are outside of our topic of easy to use, these could be interesting enough to inspire one to delve into these deeper waters. They offer exceptional range, COMSEC, and freedom.  It is the last bastion of freedom on the airwaves, and few dare go there these days. It is wide-open territory, it is truly the radio equivalent of the free range of the pioneer west.  While I can’t afford to go there, I’m fix’n to get there ASAP.  IMHO, the best choice to start are the affordable, yet capable Anytone Smart.

There are low-cost amplifiers, but unless one makes sure your choice can handle the input, it will over-drive and eventually damage the amp.  Be sure the CB you use is putting out less than 4 watts before hooking it up to an amplifier. Unless you know your antenna can handle the power out, do not use that antenna.  Buy something that is rated for the power.  I would also advise not to ‘peak and tune’ your CB. It may sound louder, but it is not a better radio afterward. I can use a spectrum analyzer and see if it adjusted correctly.  Most have no clue that the crude meter on their radio in only indicating increase voltage and dirty RF. The best way to improve your CB is with a better antenna, then a high gain handset, then go to a SSB CB.  If you want to have a high-powered, and finely tuned CB, send it to a competent radio tech who specializes in CBs, or look at one of the unusual choices such as the Anytone Smart listed below.

A Beginners Guide To CB Linear Amplifiers.
https://youtu.be/7kN50p5XAl0


Other Resources:

CB WORLD

Antennas
https://www.wearecb.com/cb-antennas/

CB Radio Installation & Troubleshooting at CB World
https://www.wearecb.com/cb-radio-blog.html

A step by step guide for setting the SWR on a CB Antenna
https://www.wearecb.com/how-to-tune-cb-antenna.html


Inexpensive low-powered linear amplifier for CB radios.

A 50 watt CB would a long-range radio. This amp, at CB frequencies, puts out about 100 watts.  That is great performance for very little money, and that is all the power you need. Verify that your CB produces between 2 and 4 watts, and no more, otherwise the amplifier will be damage over time.  If you are over-driving the amplifier, the audio will sound distorted. If you have a talk-back feature or another CB nearby, then you’ll hear the distortion.  It is best to detune the CB to 3 watts  You’ll also need 50 amp power supply if its used a base station CB. To extend the life of the amplifier, do not turn it on unless needed. Also, make sure the SWR is as close to 1.0 to 1 as possible.  The CB will transmit normally thru the amplifier.

HYS HF Transceiver 3-30Mhz HF Power Amp for 3-30Mhz Handheld Radio with a Mini Fan
https://www.amazon.com/HYS-Transceiver-3...201&sr=1-3
$159.99

This power supply can be used to run the CB and linear amplifier using 110VAC power as part of a base station.

Universal Compact Bench Power Supply – 50 Amp Variable Linear Regulated AC to DC Power Converter/Power Supply Adjustable DC Voltage Supply with Amperage Gauge, Volt Meter, USB Port – Pyramid PSV500
https://www.amazon.com/Universal-Compact...01&sr=1-14
$164.00

Expensive, high quality, high power linear amplifiers:
Davemadeamps.com
https://www.davemadeamps.com/

Antenna basics and troubleshooting.
https://fm2way.com/ant.htm

Testing CB antennas for SWR
https://fm2way.com/ant.htm#SWR%20Testing

Coxial Cable installation basics
https://fm2way.com/ant2.htm#CoaxCable%20Processing

CB antennas, Setting the SWR
https://fm2way.com/ant2.htm

CB antennas, A concise chart of antenna type, length and price
(for best performance, choose the longest length appropriate for your application)
https://fm2way.com/prices.htm

This is must-have, and inexpensive SWR meter. I recommend that you get two:

Astatic PDC1 100 Watt SWR Meter
https://www.amazon.com/Astatic-PDC1-100-...03&sr=1-25

The Quick and the Dead

(A professional shop for CBs, the gunslinger’s, and trucker’s best kept secret.)

WWW.SNAKERADIOCUSTOMS.COM
http://www.snakeradiocustoms.com/

In this video, we see cutting edge of what can be done to a CB.  He specializes in the Uniden 980 SSB CB:

UNIDEN BEARCAT 980 SSB S.R.C. QUALITY SETUP AND MODS FOR KIM
https://youtu.be/oLowBVrdLP0


THE 1970S ARE BACK, MODERN FREEBAND CBS ARE BETTER THAN EVER

What is ‘freebanding’, and what are the free band frequencies?

http://www.bellscb.com/cb_radio_hobby/fr...ations.htm
OR
https://www.wearecb.com/cb-radio-frequen...nnels.html

The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

The Number One Gun, The Anytone AT-6666, a high power CB with SSB, $289.95 while supplies last.

AnyTone AT-6666 10 Meter Amateur Radio with SSB(PEP)/FM/ AM /PA mode,High Power Output: 15W AM,45W FM,60W SSB(PEP)
Very Limited Inventory.  360 Memories CTCSS / DCS Option Included. Programming Cable Included
http://www.wouxun.us/item.php?item_id=37...gory_id=64  The supply of these radios appears to be dwindling.

Snake Radio Customs also sells and modifies the Anytone AT6666 into a high power CB that can transmit in the U.S. CB band as well as other such as the Russian CB band and other European CB bands between 25 to 28 mhz. This would be my first choice in a multi-role CB that is also a 10 Meter Amateur radio, that would not only talk to standard CBs, but also a private network of friends in the freeband CB frequencies in with AM, FM, or SSB.  Only a high end scanner, or USB Dongle or spectrum analyzer could intercept these frequencies. But it is not likely they would be even looking in this part of the spectrum in the first place or would mistake the signal as a standard CB. This is infamous part of the radio spectrum that back the late 1970s, where CB freebanders could go.  With this modern radio, we could go where even the Freebanders could not, and with SSB!  This would be a versatile and fantastic transceiver for COMSEC, and it is affordable. It is sold as a 10 Meter transceiver, yet is easily modified and several different ways. Instructions for these mods are widely available on the internet.

Here is a video of the Anytone AT6666 undergoing the modifications that Snakeradiocustoms can perform that turns it into a full feature 10/11/12 meter, AM/FM radio with SSB CB and Freeband CB.  I would definitely give him call if you are a gunsling CB kind of guy.


The Compact EDC, The Anytone Smart, $59.99

AnyTone Smart 10 Meter Amateur Radio, compact Size, FM and AM PEP power over 16W. Frequency range 25 to 30 Mhz once modified.
https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0140Q...0A2M&psc=1
It marketed in the U.S. as AM/FM 10 Meter Amateur transceiver. It is designed as a one size fit all radio marketed for all CBs services worldwide, and that also includes the 10 and 12 meter Ham bands. The different European CB services have different frequency subsets of the larger band. that is 26 to 28 mhz. Anyone who is a hobbyist could modify this one at home in less than 10 minutes with a soldering iron, allowing the user to select use all the CB services they wish the radio operate on. It can go where all other CB radios can not, and you cannot be heard unless you have this, or one of the other model Anytone radios. This puts one in a far more exclusive part of the spectrum than the 1.25 Meter Ham band, and because it can operate in the CB band, enforcement is just about nonexistent, particularly in lightly-populated regions in the western US.

I suppose that Snakeradiocustoms could modify it for less than $50. And the price might be lower if ordered through him, and purchased in bulk. IHMO, it would be well worth it for the rare capabilities of this radio at such a low purchase price. However this is only the little brother of the Anytone AT666.  It is lower in power, and does not do SSB. Without peaking the radio, it offers low and high power that is 4 and 8 watts. When ‘peaked’ it can put out at much as 28 watts on high power. ‘Peaked’, or not, it is 2 to 3 times as powerful as a standard CB. And the price is right in that one can afford to buy a box full for your group or family. As is provides exceptional off the beaten path frequencies, and FM capabilities, thus 2 additional built-in layers of capability that provide additional COMSEC, and can also talk to CBs, all at a low price. It is so tiny that is could be carried in a 2 quart canteen pouch, and a long antenna attached to a pack. It really should be my number one choice as a standard issued transceiver for my friends and family. If I can scrape up enough for four of them, then I’ll go for it.

The one weak point is that there is no frequency chart provided by Anytone for the CB frequencies, on the 10 Meter part.  I hear that a Stryker model radio provides a chart that corresponds with the channel # and frequency of the Anytone Smart.  In reality, I would not be concerned with the actual CB frequency if I am using the Russian or Polish CB bands.  All that is really needed there is channel number.  One could also use a frequency counter, a USB Dongle, or a standard CB to identify U.S. CB frequencies and the assigned channel numbers. Simply select the U.S. CB band and verify that channel 1 in the Anytone Smart is the same as channel 1 on the standard 40 channel CB. I consider the price a bargain.

(To be continued tomorrow, in Part 4.)

[The War Wagon]

The K.I.S.S. Principle and Transceivers – Part 4, by Tunnel Rabbit

  SurvivalBlog Contributor February 27, 2021 

(Continued from Part 3.)

The Quad Barreled Cannon, The Wouxun KG-UV980P, $310.00

The Wouxun KG-UV980P Quad Band Base/Mobile Two Way Radio is a quad band, with cross band repeat, a 50 watt transceiver, that transmits using FM only in these frequency ranges: 26 to 29 MHz, 50 to 54 MHz, 136 to 174 MHz, and 400 to 480 MHz.  It can generally be described in terms of Amateur Radio as a 10 meter, 6 meter, 2 meter, and 70cm, yet this unit transmits outside of these Amateur bands, and is much more than simply a Ham radio.  For example, it also transmits in FM in the CB range of frequencies, and is subsequently in a gray area where FCC regulations are not enforced, and likely not even monitored. For clarification, while it will transmit on the same frequencies, and other frequencies as does a CB, it cannot talk to CBs, because CB uses Amplitude modulation (AM), and not frequency modulation (FM) that this transceiver uses.  It can, however, receive AM-mode CB traffic. Because of this deficit, it does not function as a CB per se, but it is a very capable radio in other regards.  It just barely fits into the theme of this article, and the big price makes it a tighter squeeze. It is mentioned as with this class of radio for the benefit of Amateur Radio enthusiasts who naturally would see the advantages of this radio, that can work injunction with the Anytone Smart, and Anytone AT6666.
AMATEUR RADIO AND YOU
An amateur radio Technician (“Tech”) license could still be in your future.  It allows you to legally key up on the Ham Bands, and does give one access to numerous well-maintained repeaters. However, I would not plan on using repeaters after a collapse, or necessarily even the Ham bands frequencies as these would be carefully monitored by those seeking to develop intelligence in a post-collapse society or possible civil war. When Hams use their call sign, we can look them up on a database and get their full name, physical or mailing address.  And it is possible that one day, that a tyrannical government might use the FCC-granted licenses as a means to target Amateur Radio operators as they are typically a patriotic, and freedom-loving group who would be central to a command and control. During World War 2, all amateur radio activity was prohibited. With that warning said, the 2 Meter Amateur band will likely bring and hold a community together. We should at least have a scanner to monitor all the 2-meter repeaters and other popular Ham frequencies in your area. Fortunately, there are no test licenses for GMRS that give one comparable coverage to that of the 70cm Ham band should there be GMRS repeaters present. Without repeaters, the range of powerful 40-watt GMRS transceiver would be in many regions of the country, be adequate to cover a 20 to 30 mile in diameter area of AO (Area of Operation), your home turf.

GMRS provides most of what most people in this day and age require. To reiterate, the downside of GMRS for preppers is that the inexpensive GMRS handhelds are ubiquitous, and your transmissions will likely be monitored. It is one of the most unsecure means of radio communications. But because it is populated by mostly the average user, it could be an opportunity to hide in plain sight, and to talk to neighbors. Fortunately, the use of a Ham call sign that can be used to locate your address is not used with GMRS.  We should also consider the low barrier to entry — just $35, and the whole family can join in and use the same license. We could then also install our own repeater. In the GMRS section of the article, all the basic components are listed to get one up and running. The GMRS transceivers come already programmed. The radios are relatively simple to operate. These are sort of like a modern CB, but with greater range. We should choose a radio service that can be used by the least skilled member. GMRS, Citizen Band transceiver, and the MURS handhelds fit into this category.

GMRS uses Ultra High Frequencies (UHF), that do not travel as well along the ground and through forests as well as the lower frequencies of MURS (151 to 154 Mhz), that is VHF, or the CB frequencies (27 Mhz). If we use UHF, we should work harder to get all the power we can from the radio to the antenna to best propagate a signal. Although the focus is on GMRS, the principles discussed apply to all radio communications, or transceivers and handhelds.  If one must cut corners to save money by using inferior and less expensive cables and antennas to get the job done in your AO, then there is no need for the added expense, and effort.  In the majority of cases, we need to work harder to get the most range out of UHF.

Looking at a few numbers we’ll discover why we should choose the more expensive components,  and install antenna as high as we can. We can use a 15-foot to 20 -oot metal or wooden pole in the ground as that will do just fine most of the time. We’ll do the best we can without going ‘whole hog’ like a Ham would.  However, if you are surrounded by hills, or a hill or building is between you and the local repeater, we’ll need to either need an antenna that is mounted higher, or we’ll need to move the antenna.  In some cases, the expense of a tower could be justified. But before spending that kind of money, perform a survey of the intended coverage area.

BASE STATION ANTENNAS AND COAXIAL CABLE
Most or all of the components for your base station antenna can be used for a different radio service.  All principles that make a good antenna apply no matter the frequency. A base station transceiver should have a rugged high-gain antenna that is mounted at least 15 to 50 feet in height, and above a roofline.  The heaviest cable that can be installed should be used as UHF frequencies easily escapes from coaxial cable, and the power the radio makes is lost before it gets to the antenna. This is not as much a problem with lower frequencies such as those in the VHF spectrum that are in the 136 to 174 MHz range, and lower. For UHF, avoid using light cables such as RG58 and RG8X that are better suited to Low VHF such as CBs (27Mhz).  Instead, choose RG213, RG8, RG11, LMR 240, or best yet, LMR400, LMR600, and SI600 if at all possible —  especially when cable lengths are over 20 feet. Long runs for CBs should use RG213.  Long runs for High VHF, such as MURS should use RG213 to LMR400, and long runs for GMRS or other UHF radios should use LMR400 or better yet, LMR600 or SI600.  We’ll learn why shortly.

Using a coaxial cable loss calculator (https://www.qsl.net/co8tw/Coax_Calculator.htm), here are a few figures to demonstrate why. The sample lengths of the cable used are 20 and 50 feet.  The power sent through the cable is 40 watts. This is the maximum output of the MXT400.  20 feet is the shortest conceivable and practical length for a base station antenna, and 50 feet is adequate for most good installations.  When it comes to antennas, one should not underappreciate the fact that, when it comes to antennas, “height is might”.  The minimum height should be 15 feet, and the ideal height would 50 feet. Heights over 50 feet are usually at the point of diminishing returns in terms of increases in range. Figure that 10 feet of cable will be used to get the cable outside.  It is best to use cordage, or a stiff rope, or coaxial cable used for cable TV to estimate the amount of coaxial cable that is needed for this installation.  Because the heaviest cables are not very flexible, allow for some additional length, as these cables do not bend well around tight corners. Using the heaviest LMR cable is almost comparable to running 1/2 inch Pex line use for home plumbing. Of course, we could use what we have on hand, or what we can afford, but consider the chart and link below before we buy.

Here is the link to a selection of coaxial cable for price comparison: https://www.buytwowayradios.com/accessor...cable.html
Amazon offers precut cable with connector ends, but Amazon is pricey and we may need more or less cable, and we should avoid adding line by using a barrel connector as that is potential future failure point.  Wrap that kind of connection with vulcanizing weatherproof 3M electrical tape, the expensive stuff sold at hardware stores. It is better to have a bit more cable than needed, than just not quite enough.

(The following cable loss calculated based upon an input frequency 465.000 MHz)

ERP Chart #1:  20 Foot Cables


Estimated Radiated Power (ERP) of two different antennas when fed by 20 feet of various types of cable, when using a UHF transceiver (radio) that transmits 40 watts through the cable to two different types of antennas.

Cable   Power delivered  ERP of an          ERP of 1/4 wave
Type    with 20 feet         antenna with       wave antenna with
            of cable               5.5dBi of gain.     no gain.

RG58      25.0 watts          54 watts               25.0 watts
RG8x      26.5 watts          56 watts               26.5 watts
RG213    31.0 watts          67 watts               31.0 watts
RG11      34.0 watts          73 watts               34.0 watts
LMR240  31.0 watts         67 watts                31.0 watts
BR-400   35.0 watts          75 watts               35.0 watts
SI600      36.7 watts          79 watts               36.7 watts


ERP Chart #2:  50 Foot Cables

Estimated Radiated Power (ERP) of two different antennas when fed by 50 feet of various types of cable, when using a UHF transceiver (radio) that transmits 40 watts through the cable to two different types of antennas.

Cable   Power delivered  ERP of an          ERP of 1/4 wave
Type    with 50 feet         antenna with       wave antenna with
            of cable               5.5dBi of gain.    no gain.

RG58       13.5 watts       29 watts            13.5 watts
RG8x       14.6 watts       31 watts            14.6 watts
RG213     22.9 watts       49 watts            22.9 watts
RG11       27.1 watts       58 watts            27.1 watts
LMR240   20.9 watts       45 watts            20.9 watts
BR-400    28.6 watts       62 watts            28.6 watts
SI600       32.2 watts       70 watts            32.2 watts

In this example: A recommendation to use 50 feet of LMR600, or a modern equivalent that is SI600, and a Slim Jim antenna that is estimated to have a gain of 5.5dBi.  LMR400 is close in performance, costs less, and is easier to work with, and therefore is likely the most practical choice for 50 foot runs, but we should be aware of SI600 as that could be the better choice if a 150 foot run to a tower is necessary. Use this coaxial cable loss calculator to determine the most appropriate cable type: https://www.qsl.net/co8tw/Coax_Calculator.htm


Coaxial Cable Selection

Looking at the chart, LMR600, and its equivalent, SI600, at typical home installation lengths of 50 feet, delivers twice the power as does RG8 does at 50 feet. And because the antenna is mounted much higher than if 20 feet of RG8 were used, the range the radio can talk will be disproportionately further than if it were compared on the basis of ERP only. Why? In the radio world, antenna ”height is might” as obstacles in the ‘radio line of sight’ can block even high power transmitters. This fact makes longer cable lengths and loss acceptable to attain greater height an acceptable trade-off.

The higher the antenna the less the loss in the cable matters. Because of the shorter wavelengths that typically do not travel as far as VHF frequencies, we should do all we can to compensate by using additional antenna height, heavy low loss cable, and high gain antennas that are available for UHF. These three factors should be used to offset as much of the difference in performance as possible between UHF and VHF, especially when used in rural environments.

Use antennas that claim to have a gain of 2.5 dBi, or higher, to increase the radiated strength of the power supplied to the antenna. But the most important factor that produces the longest ranges is antenna height. Again, to reiterate, use a long run of cable, if additional height can be achieved, and do not be concerned with cable loss especially if the additional length allows the installation height to be above nearby obstacles. And if we can minimize the loss of signal by using a heavier cable, we can increase the range, and just as important, improve the coverage within an AO. If you’ve noticed ‘dead’ spots in wifi or cell phone coverage, a higher radiated power out reduces these areas with no coverage in an area that is otherwise within range.

Buy the lowest loss cable as we can afford to attain the greatest antenna height we can construct. And we would use a high-gain antenna to magnify the signal supplied by that cable.

How antenna height, the gain of antenna, and the power delivered to it affects antenna performance, or propagation.

I could argue that if only RG8 were used to mount the Slim Jim with 5.Dbi gain, at 50 feet, that delivers 13.5 watts, a 5.5dBi antenna would compensate, that is, the use of a high gain antenna would offset the loss from the cable, because the high gain antenna magnifies the signal resulting in an ERP of 29 watts ERP, rather than only 13.5 watts ERP, if only the typical 1/4 wave antenna were used.  The result in performance could hypothetically, and in my experience, have better range than if only 20 feet of the heaviest cable, SI600 that nets an ERP of 79 watts, were used.  Again, height is might, but a high gain antenna is important if we can use on. For every doubling of the power out, or 3Dbd,or 5.5Dbi of power, there is only one ‘S’ unit out of 5, that is realized. 2 watts is twice as powerful as 1 watt, but does it does not travel twice as far, but only a fraction further.  Increases in power out is not proportional to an increase in range. Increase in antenna height has strong correlation to increases in range. Power out does not. Power out correlates more strongly with the signal’s ability to penetrate, or travel around (deflect) or bounce off of obstructions in the ‘radio line of sight’.

Where the antenna is erected relative to nearby objects is critical and a higher antenna means fewer obstacles in the ‘radio line of sight’.  We should place the antenna above all objects at the roof’s peak. Specifically, at least one 1/2 wavelength above, that is approximately 2 feet for UHF antennas, and 2 feet away from any metal object that is perpendicular or adjacent to the antenna.  It should be at the highest point above the roofline, or much higher. This distance away from metal objects is needed to avoid ‘coupling’ that distorts and alters the antenna, and reflecting the signal when we wish to have an omni-directions antenna and low SWRs. Install a vertically polarized antenna as far away from vertically oriented metal as possible.

Hopefully, this discussion helped us better appreciate that ‘height is might’, and the importance using the appropriate coaxial cable.  CB’s that we grew up with can use light cable, but GMRS is a different animal.  GMRS can greatly exceed the range that CBs provide, if we install a good antenna system.  We may need as much range as we can get to be able to access a distant repeater, or have enough power to cover an AO that might be 20 miles in diameter, comprised of hilly countryside, or covered in dense pine forests. The antenna and cable used is often as important, or even more important than the radio used. Spending the money on the antenna, and using a lower cost and less powerful radio can be a good combination, if money is tight.

The performance of a low power transmitter on a ‘good’ antenna as defined, can surprise us. Also, the other, and perhaps more important part is listening, or the ability to hear weak or distant signal from other low power stations such as hand held’s, or other GMRS stations with antennas that are less than optimal for GMRS.  If we can hear a weak signal, we can talk to that station.  If we cannot hear it, we cannot talk to it. The radio transmits better with high-gain antenna, and also hears better with high gain antennas. The use of less expensive and more secure low-power transceiver is optimized by the use of the best antenna we can construct. A radio circuit can be more secure if we can hear weak signals that an intercept station cannot. There is more than one reason to use a high gain antenna.

If necessary, it could be the best money spent, because as they used to say in the Army…. “Without Commo, you got nothin'”.

Here is a low cost tower:

Rohn 25G 30′ Tower No Base (Cement not included, but needed.)
https://jokermanelectronics.com/rohn-25g...r-no-base/
$525

(To be concluded tomorrow, in Part 5.)

[The War Wagon]

LAST part of the article - I sure hope Mr. Swinn is happy!  


The K.I.S.S. Principle and Transceivers – Part 5, by Tunnel Rabbit
  SurvivalBlog Contributor   February 28, 2021 

(Continued from Part 4. This concludes the article.)

ANTENNA SELECTION

Mobile Antennas Selection, and Mounts

The following list is very short list as most antennas on the market require the installer to tune the antenna with an SWR meter.  Often this fact is omitted. Fortunately, both these antennas do not need to be tuned and are more than adequate.  There is not much need to look further. Both of these antennas have NMO bases, and there is a variety of heavy to light magenetic mount with various cable lengths available that have MNO fittings.  Magnetic mount bases are very popular, yet they are not the only way to mount antenna without drilling a hole.  There are several different types.  Be sure to shop and find a mount that has cable that is long enough for your installation.

Diamond Antenna SPM/NMO Magnet Mount Mobile Antenna (NMO Mount)
https://www.buytwowayradios.com/diamond-...m-nmo.html

Diamond Antenna K515SNMO Luggage Rack Mount (NMO)
https://www.buytwowayradios.com/diamond-...5snmo.html

Diamond Antenna K400CNMO Trunk Lid / Hatchback Mount
https://www.buytwowayradios.com/diamond-...0cnmo.html


UHF and VHF Mobile Antennas:

UHF, high gain antenna intended for the GMRS and UHF business band range of frequencies between 462 and 467 Mhz:  Midland MicroMobile MXTA11 6db Gain Antenna  https://www.buytwowayradios.com/midland-mxta11.html

For VHF and UHF
Multi-purpose wide band, and dual band antenna on a magnetic mount intended for all radio services on VHF and UHF:
Tram 1181 Dual Band NMO Mount Antenna (140-170/430-470 MHz)  https://www.buytwowayradios.com/tram-1181.html


A BASE STATION ANTENNA: THE SLIM JIM

KB9VBR Slim Jim Antennas

There are many choices, and we good down many rabbit holes and lose sight of what I believe is one of the best choices in base station antenna out there for the prepper. KB9VBR, Micheal, has lots of information on his website, and many YouTube videos.  I got my only store-bought slim jim from him over a decade ago.  He takes care of his customers. As I now do, he makes j-poles and slim jims for all radio services.

For the transceivers discussed, purchase a high gain ‘slim jim’ antenna here:

UHF for GMRS and business band frequenices select 462 to 470mhz.
https://www.jpole-antenna.com/shop/uhf-4...m-antenna/
In the option boxes, select ‘N Female’ or PL259 connectors.

High gain ‘slim jim’ antenna , 150 to 160 mhz, that can be used for MURS radio, and for your scanner, if a MURS radio is not in use.

VHF Public Safety, MURS, Marine, & Scanner Slim Jim Antenna
https://www.jpole-antenna.com/shop/vhf-p...m-antenna/
$48.00 – $52.00

Use the directions on the website to properly install the antenna. Although not recommended by the manufacture, it is wiser to use an RF (radio frequency) air choke on these antennas, and it certainly necessary on J-pole antennas to get the best performance. Make an RF air choke with a coil of cable that is approximately 4 inches in diameter, and 5 coils of cable.  Secure with wire ties or cordage.  This decouples the antenna from the cable. We do not want the cable to be a part of the antenna and detune it. This is very important to the antenna’s performance in terms of SWR and bandwidth.


My Experience with Slim Jim Antennas
Slim Jim type antennas are my favorite antenna that I have made for many different frequencies, or radio services, and tested and tuned with precision, over and over. These feature rugged construction, high gain, and have more bandwidth and gain of J-poles, and a lower noise floor with full quieting, or low noise to signal ratio. It is superior to the J-pole, but only requires a bit more material and work. It is less expensive to buy this one than to make it if you do not already have the supplies, and the skills of a plumber to sweat copper joints, and cut copper pipe with precision. However, you will likely be successful if when make your own using this Slim Jim calculator: https://m0ukd.com/calculators/slim-jim-a...n-version/  The wide bandwidth makes this antenna forgiving. You can off on your measurements, and still end up with a usable antenna.

This example demonstrates that indeed ‘height is might’, and what a low power transmitter can do on a slim jim antenna.  I’ve used my homebrew slim jim to talk to a 70cm repeater at about 6,200 feet in elevation, that was 80 miles away with a 4 watt Baofeng. Understand however, that this example had no obstructions to navigate. It was a straight shot, clear line of sight situation to the repeater allowing a strong enough signal into the repeater that the repeater broadcasted a clear crisp (5×5), and intelligible voice communication, with little to no noise in the background. It was ‘full quieting’.  This is ideal, or in this case, phenomenal performance, given the low quality and low power transceiver used, a junky old nasty and dirty-RF Baofeng. My ham buddy had it on his antenna analyzer during this contact and experiment. My Extra Class acquaintance, who builds repeaters and antennas for a living, was in disbelief after scoffing profusely at the Baofeng.

The General Class fellow was so impressed he bought a slim jim antenna from me.  My builds feature a tune-able 1/4 wave stud that dials these antennae in.  As just a ‘hick in the sticks’, I’ve been forced to learn what can be done with nothing, a Baofeng, and with low power.  In light of our not-so-bright future, this skill and experience attained, could prove to be very useful.  Anyone can just turn up the power to get it done.  Embrace low power and learn what you can do with it.  If the guy on the other end sounds weak, if you sound weak to him, that is exactly the maximum power needed for a high-threat situation.  Getting it done on very lower power makes it very difficult to intercept you. And if you aren’t intercepted and identified as a “target of interest”, then they won’t DF you.

We might see that most cost-effective radio communications can be had with an inexpensive radio that is on the best antenna you can afford.  I believe the Slim Jim is one of the best for a Baofeng, or a full power transceiver. The advertised bandwidth of this antenna, 462 to 470 Mhz is a conservative estimate of the kind of bandwidth I would expect.  My UHF Slim Jim builds uses 3/4 inch copper pipe, in place of 1/2 inch pipe typically use in construction of these antennas.  It has a surprising bandwidth of 420 to 470Mhz. This is partly due to the fine-tuning involved to make the most of its increased bandwidth.  Larger diameter radiators produce wider bandwidths.  My recent Slim Jim build for the High VHF band, is centered on 153.000Mhz, and tested in the current installation location to be lower than 2.0 to 1 between 143.000 and 163.000 Mhz. From my perspective, this is ideal.  One transceiver on one antenna can do nearly the whole usable High VHF band if necessary.  It is an efficient use of resources, and funds.  It is also a good use of space in the antenna farm that is the crowded roof, and good use of space in the ‘Ham Shack’. There are therefore fewer antennas, and few cables, and less RF noise in the shack.
UHF Propagation
A 4-watt Baofeng on one of these antennas on a 20 foot run of SI600 (LMR400 is suitable as well) cable would have an ERP of 6.4 watts. Under conditions where pine forests are present, I would expect a range of no more than 1 to 4 miles. Pine tree needles are of the length and density that absorbs UHF frequencies. If one is attempting to practice secure radio communications, this limiting factor could work to your advantage. If transmitting ‘down’ or the length of a valley with a river and flat land, and hills on both sides, with pine trees on those hills, unlike VHF, most of the signal will stay in the valley. UHF has its advantages, and is better to use than VHF in many situations. Deciduous forests do not have the same extreme effect on UHF, especially after they lose their leaves in the fall.

Low Power Propagation

Estimating the range of radio and antenna combinations are difficult as there are so many variables to account for.  Hopefully, my estimates are accurate representations of the performance that is possible or actual in your neighborhood.  We can certainly use a low-power handheld that transmits with 1 to 5 watts as a base station if the station is above the average terrain. And we might avoid the expenditure of the expensive mobile, if we have the best antenna we can afford. Low power settings, or low power transceivers, transmit in the power range that provides the most secure communication circuit at the maximum ranges when ideal, or good antennas are used.

If you need only one mile of range, do a radio survey of the area using only 1 or 2 watts from your base station. If the range is not adequate, then perhaps it is time to use a better antenna, or change the antenna height, but no more than is necessary to complete the necessary communication circuit.  Hams seek to speak to as many contacts as possible, as far away as possible.  Situation dictating, for secure communication, we should seek to do the opposite. We should limit our range, and who can hear us. We can use our GMRS antenna, and a handheld to accomplish a more secure method of radio communications as handhelds typically have power settings that are much lower than what typical base station transceiver offer — no less than 5 watts.  If one watt is all that is needed, then that is all we need. The high gain antenna might double that signal to two watts ERP, and it will hear the very weak signals from other handhelds only use their attached antenna they come. In a war zone, low power is your friend.

In the case of GMRS that is often used, we are best served with low power and good antennas. If later you can afford a mobile, then by all means get one to talk further out, but use it only if the hand held will not do the job.  GMRS 40 watt mobiles can talk much further than 4-watt CBs, and the mobile provides the power to talk to ubiquitous GMRS handhelds at extended distances that a patrol carries and must use to provide early warning of an attack, and to coordinate a defense.
The Final Step, Verifying the Operation of an Antenna
Always after an antenna is installed, check the SWR of the antenna. We are not only testing the antenna, but the location of installation, the connectors used, and the cable itself.  If a connector is loose, a bad SWR would result, and can easily be corrected. And we should periodically, or when suspect, we should have a VSWR meter to verify that the antenna is still good, and is not doing damage to the radio.  There are much better SWR meters out there. For this price, it is must-have. There are a plethora of instructional videos available demonstrating the use of this meter.  This is lowest cost and the easiest to use SWR meter I know of:

Surecom SW-102
https://www.amazon.com/gp/slredirect/pic...ame=sp_atf

Conclusion

If further help is needed, feel free to ask, in the Comments to this article.  If BuyTwoWayRadios.com cannot program a business radio for you, or you need a more personal approach other than e-mail exchanges, or if you need a Baofeng programmed, or other services not found here or elsewhere, then I would give Paul Strammer a call on the phone or send him an e-mail.  He knows what preppers need, and will help with radio in a way few other can or will. He is a retired logger, a patriot, and General Class Ham living in Northwest Montana:   Paul Strammer
I hope that you found the preceding helpful. – Tunnel Rabbit, out.